Mesothelioma International is dedicated to the struggle against mesothelioma - a global health crisis which has its roots in the use of asbestos by humanity.
Although the use of asbestos has now been banned within the EU, it is estimated that 250 000 workers in Western Europe alone will die of Mesothelioma before 2029.
We hope this site will be useful for those across USA who are affected by this epidemic.
Friday, March 5, 2010
Thursday, March 4, 2010
Stages of mesothelioma
Stages of mesothelioma
Knowing the steps in your mesothelioma will be a factor that will help your doctor formulate a treatment plan. The classification most definitive and most widely used system is the International Classification TGM for diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma, also called the International System group interested in mesothelioma (International Mesothelioma Interest Group System). This system takes into account the primary tumor (T), lymph nodes (G) and metastasis (M). There is no classification system established for peritoneal mesothelioma. Peritoneal patients may be classified according to the general TGM system for cancer or the tumor load present (ie d. Imperceptibly large, moderately large, etc..). The TGM system is very thorough and difficult to interpret the uninitiated, what follows is a simplified version. The Stage I is the earliest; The Stage IV the most advanced.
Stage I
Mesothelioma involves right or left pleura and may also spread to the lungs, pericardium, or diaphragm on the same side. The nodes are not involved.
Stage II
Mesothelioma extends to the pleura on one side to nearby lymph nodes lung on the same side. It has also been extended to the lung, pericardium, or diaphragm on the same side.
Stage III
Mesothelioma invades the chest wall, muscles, ribs, heart, esophagus or other organs in the chest on the same side with or without extension to the lymph nodes in the same side as the primary tumor.
Stage IV
Mesothelioma spread to lymph nodes in the chest on the side opposite the primary tumor, or extends to the pleura or lung on the opposite side, or directly extends to the organs of the abdominal cavity or neck. Any distant metastases is included in this step.
Knowing the steps in your mesothelioma will be a factor that will help your doctor formulate a treatment plan. The classification most definitive and most widely used system is the International Classification TGM for diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma, also called the International System group interested in mesothelioma (International Mesothelioma Interest Group System). This system takes into account the primary tumor (T), lymph nodes (G) and metastasis (M). There is no classification system established for peritoneal mesothelioma. Peritoneal patients may be classified according to the general TGM system for cancer or the tumor load present (ie d. Imperceptibly large, moderately large, etc..). The TGM system is very thorough and difficult to interpret the uninitiated, what follows is a simplified version. The Stage I is the earliest; The Stage IV the most advanced.
Stage I
Mesothelioma involves right or left pleura and may also spread to the lungs, pericardium, or diaphragm on the same side. The nodes are not involved.
Stage II
Mesothelioma extends to the pleura on one side to nearby lymph nodes lung on the same side. It has also been extended to the lung, pericardium, or diaphragm on the same side.
Stage III
Mesothelioma invades the chest wall, muscles, ribs, heart, esophagus or other organs in the chest on the same side with or without extension to the lymph nodes in the same side as the primary tumor.
Stage IV
Mesothelioma spread to lymph nodes in the chest on the side opposite the primary tumor, or extends to the pleura or lung on the opposite side, or directly extends to the organs of the abdominal cavity or neck. Any distant metastases is included in this step.
Mesothelioma Diagnosis
Diagnosis
A diagnosis of mesothelioma is often obtained from a careful evaluation of clinical and radiological findings, in addition to a tissue biopsy confirmation. Some tests that your specialist may recommend and their diagnostic value and evaluation of mesothelioma are presented below.
•Computed Tomography (CT)
The scans are capable of revealing a pleural effusion, as well as pleural thickening, pleural calcification, thickening of interlobular fissures, or possible invasion of chest wall. However, the CT can not distinguish between changes associated with benign asbestos disease, or between lung adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma. The scans may also be of value to guide fine needle aspiration of pleural masses for tissue diagnosis. The scan usually takes 10-30 minutes but can vary depending on the patient.
•Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
MRI scans are often used to determine the extent of tumor prior to aggressive treatment. They provide images in multiple planes and therefore peuvnt better identify tumors compared to normal structures. They are also more accurate than CT in estimating the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes placed between the two lungs and a clear diaphragmatic surface, both having an important function for the surgical option. The MRI scan usually takes 20-40 minutes but can vary depending on the patient.
•Positron emission tomography (PET)
PET imaging is currently occupying a large part of the diagnosis and evaluation of mesothelioma. The PET is considered the best diagnostic of tumor sites, and the best to determine the stage of mesothelioma. PET scans are relatively new and therefore may not be available in all institutions, it may be necessary to travel to find a specialized center is one.
•The analysis of fluid
Analyze the fluid to find malignant cells has only limited diagnostic value for mesothelioma. The diagnostic thoracentesis, in which cells are extracted from the pleural cavity is commonly done when there is a suspicion of mesothelioma. Unfortunately, the results are negative or inconclusive in almost 85% of tests. Even in the case of a positive result of liquid, doctors may opt for a biopsy to confirm the time that it is not at the expense of patient health.
•Analysis of tissue (biopsy)
In most cases, finally takes a needle biopsy of pleura, or surgical biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of mesothelioma. When a pleural biopsy procedure, the surgeon makes a small incision in the chest wall and inserted into the chest between two ribs a thin lighted tube called thorascope. It will remove a sample of tissue is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist. When peritoneal biopsy, the surgeon makes a small incision in the abdomen and inserts a péritonéoscope in the abdominal cavity.
A diagnosis of mesothelioma is often obtained from a careful evaluation of clinical and radiological findings, in addition to a tissue biopsy confirmation. Some tests that your specialist may recommend and their diagnostic value and evaluation of mesothelioma are presented below.
•Computed Tomography (CT)
The scans are capable of revealing a pleural effusion, as well as pleural thickening, pleural calcification, thickening of interlobular fissures, or possible invasion of chest wall. However, the CT can not distinguish between changes associated with benign asbestos disease, or between lung adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma. The scans may also be of value to guide fine needle aspiration of pleural masses for tissue diagnosis. The scan usually takes 10-30 minutes but can vary depending on the patient.
•Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
MRI scans are often used to determine the extent of tumor prior to aggressive treatment. They provide images in multiple planes and therefore peuvnt better identify tumors compared to normal structures. They are also more accurate than CT in estimating the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes placed between the two lungs and a clear diaphragmatic surface, both having an important function for the surgical option. The MRI scan usually takes 20-40 minutes but can vary depending on the patient.
•Positron emission tomography (PET)
PET imaging is currently occupying a large part of the diagnosis and evaluation of mesothelioma. The PET is considered the best diagnostic of tumor sites, and the best to determine the stage of mesothelioma. PET scans are relatively new and therefore may not be available in all institutions, it may be necessary to travel to find a specialized center is one.
•The analysis of fluid
Analyze the fluid to find malignant cells has only limited diagnostic value for mesothelioma. The diagnostic thoracentesis, in which cells are extracted from the pleural cavity is commonly done when there is a suspicion of mesothelioma. Unfortunately, the results are negative or inconclusive in almost 85% of tests. Even in the case of a positive result of liquid, doctors may opt for a biopsy to confirm the time that it is not at the expense of patient health.
•Analysis of tissue (biopsy)
In most cases, finally takes a needle biopsy of pleura, or surgical biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of mesothelioma. When a pleural biopsy procedure, the surgeon makes a small incision in the chest wall and inserted into the chest between two ribs a thin lighted tube called thorascope. It will remove a sample of tissue is then examined under a microscope by a pathologist. When peritoneal biopsy, the surgeon makes a small incision in the abdomen and inserts a péritonéoscope in the abdominal cavity.
Symptoms and diagnosis of mesothelioma
Symptoms
Early symptoms of mesothelioma are non-specific and may delay diagnosis. In general, breathlessness, chest pain and cough are common symptoms of pleural mesothelioma, but in some cases they may not be sufficiently serious to cause the patient to a medical consultation. Some patients complain of pain in the shoulder blade or the lower back. These symptoms mostly occur 2-3 months before a confirmed diagnosis. In peritoneal mesothelioma, abdominal pain and swelling, nausea or vomiting, bowel obstruction and weight loss are the most common symptoms. Importantly, these symptoms are not specific to mesothelioma and can be symptoms of other conditions. The assessment by a qualified physician is always recommended.
As mesothelioma progresses, the pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid between the two pleural layers) occurs in 95% of patients, and this symptom that ultimately leads patients to consult their doctor. During this visit, a chest x-ray can confirm the effusion. A thickening of the pleura may also be noted at this time. If the doctor suspects cancer, he can send his patient to a hospital consultant who specializes in lung cancer and mesothelioma.
When your doctor recommends you send the following information should be given to you:
•Where you are sent.
•When the appointment is made.
•Who you visit.
•What test can you expect.
•When the test results will be available.
Early symptoms of mesothelioma are non-specific and may delay diagnosis. In general, breathlessness, chest pain and cough are common symptoms of pleural mesothelioma, but in some cases they may not be sufficiently serious to cause the patient to a medical consultation. Some patients complain of pain in the shoulder blade or the lower back. These symptoms mostly occur 2-3 months before a confirmed diagnosis. In peritoneal mesothelioma, abdominal pain and swelling, nausea or vomiting, bowel obstruction and weight loss are the most common symptoms. Importantly, these symptoms are not specific to mesothelioma and can be symptoms of other conditions. The assessment by a qualified physician is always recommended.
As mesothelioma progresses, the pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid between the two pleural layers) occurs in 95% of patients, and this symptom that ultimately leads patients to consult their doctor. During this visit, a chest x-ray can confirm the effusion. A thickening of the pleura may also be noted at this time. If the doctor suspects cancer, he can send his patient to a hospital consultant who specializes in lung cancer and mesothelioma.
When your doctor recommends you send the following information should be given to you:
•Where you are sent.
•When the appointment is made.
•Who you visit.
•What test can you expect.
•When the test results will be available.
What types of products typically contain asbestos?
The following products have widely varying rates contained asbestos. This list does not include them all and is a source of general information.
•Preformed or molded armor used in thermal insulation of pipes and boilers
•The planned asbestos used as protection against fire in ducts, firewall, panels, partitions, soffit boards, ceiling panels and around structural steel construction
•Insulation panels used as protection against fire, heat insulation, partitions and ducts
•Stuffing asbestos used as a firewall in false ceilings
•Wrapped cardboard, paper and paper products used for insulation of electrical equipment, asbestos paper may also be used as side panels on combustible wood fiber
•Products of asbestos cement flat and corrugated sheets used to cover walls or ceilings, cement products have also been used in the gutters, water pipes and rain water tanks
•The textured surfaces (such as the Artex)
•Material coverage bitumen roof
•Tile floor vinyl or thermoplastic
•Preformed or molded armor used in thermal insulation of pipes and boilers
•The planned asbestos used as protection against fire in ducts, firewall, panels, partitions, soffit boards, ceiling panels and around structural steel construction
•Insulation panels used as protection against fire, heat insulation, partitions and ducts
•Stuffing asbestos used as a firewall in false ceilings
•Wrapped cardboard, paper and paper products used for insulation of electrical equipment, asbestos paper may also be used as side panels on combustible wood fiber
•Products of asbestos cement flat and corrugated sheets used to cover walls or ceilings, cement products have also been used in the gutters, water pipes and rain water tanks
•The textured surfaces (such as the Artex)
•Material coverage bitumen roof
•Tile floor vinyl or thermoplastic
Who is at risk for developing mesothelioma?
Those who have worked directly with asbestos or asbestos products are most at risk of developing mesothelioma, however, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals having minimal exposure.
Among the businesses at high risk of developing mesothelioma include:
•The carpenter iron (including shipbuilding)
•The builders of the vehicle chassis (including rail vehicles)
•Plumbers
•Gas Installers
•Carpenters
•Electricians
•Construction workers
•Plasterers
•Contractors
•DIY
•Steel fabricators
•Painters
•Sheet Metal
•Welders
Among the businesses at high risk of developing mesothelioma include:
•The carpenter iron (including shipbuilding)
•The builders of the vehicle chassis (including rail vehicles)
•Plumbers
•Gas Installers
•Carpenters
•Electricians
•Construction workers
•Plasterers
•Contractors
•DIY
•Steel fabricators
•Painters
•Sheet Metal
•Welders
What is mesothelioma?
Malignant Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that starts in the mesothelium, a membrane that covers and protects most internal organs of the body.
The mesothelium is composed of two layers, one surrounding the body itself, and the other forms a sac around it completely. A small amount of fluid is normally produced between these two layers, lubricating the motion of bodies protected.
When normal cells of the mesothelium lose control and spread rapidly, they produce mesothelioma. The form of mesothelioma is the most common mesothelioma "pleural". It occurs in the pleura, the lining of the lungs. Other forms are mesothelioma "peritoneal" reaching the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity and mesothelioma "pericardial", pericardium, the lining of the heart.
The mesothelium is composed of two layers, one surrounding the body itself, and the other forms a sac around it completely. A small amount of fluid is normally produced between these two layers, lubricating the motion of bodies protected.
When normal cells of the mesothelium lose control and spread rapidly, they produce mesothelioma. The form of mesothelioma is the most common mesothelioma "pleural". It occurs in the pleura, the lining of the lungs. Other forms are mesothelioma "peritoneal" reaching the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity and mesothelioma "pericardial", pericardium, the lining of the heart.
Pleural Mesothelioma
An exhibition, sometimes short (one to two years) or longer can trigger the phenomenon that will lead twenty-twenty-five years before the onset of the disease.
When observing a patient, a pleural tumor, type of mesothelioma, the interrogation is to try to find if the patient has been exposed to asbestos. Mesotheliomas are usually localized. Sometimes, when the tumor is malignant, it may appear metastases.
Most often, these mesotheliomas are marked by a pleural effusion, which masks the underlying tumor. To make the diagnosis, we help each other often pleural biopsy needle. Sometimes a biopsy pleuroscopie (under anesthesia by inserting a small endoscope into the pleura) is needed to pinpoint the location of the tumor and to a levy at this level.
Treatment is primarily surgical, sometimes supplemented by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The active research is ongoing to better understand the link between exposure to asbestos and the onset, years later, these pleural tumors.
When observing a patient, a pleural tumor, type of mesothelioma, the interrogation is to try to find if the patient has been exposed to asbestos. Mesotheliomas are usually localized. Sometimes, when the tumor is malignant, it may appear metastases.
Most often, these mesotheliomas are marked by a pleural effusion, which masks the underlying tumor. To make the diagnosis, we help each other often pleural biopsy needle. Sometimes a biopsy pleuroscopie (under anesthesia by inserting a small endoscope into the pleura) is needed to pinpoint the location of the tumor and to a levy at this level.
Treatment is primarily surgical, sometimes supplemented by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The active research is ongoing to better understand the link between exposure to asbestos and the onset, years later, these pleural tumors.
Advances in the treatment of mesothelioma
Mesothelioma, asbestos cancer, resistant to all current medical treatment. At Caen, a team of researchers developed innovative techniques to address them.
The cell mesothelioma, asbestos cancer, is a monstrosity of nature. She resists because of his own death - or apoptosis - in which every cell is normally scheduled. Apoptosis is "like falling leaves in autumn when day length decreases, explains Dr. Lawrence Poulain, a researcher in the unit "Biology and innovative therapies for patients with locally aggressive" (Bioticla) Regional Group of Study on Cancer (GRECAN), affiliated with the University of Caen Basse-Normandie. The health professional may be found at the parade this "immunity" of mesothelioma.
The cell mesothelioma, asbestos cancer, is a monstrosity of nature. She resists because of his own death - or apoptosis - in which every cell is normally scheduled. Apoptosis is "like falling leaves in autumn when day length decreases, explains Dr. Lawrence Poulain, a researcher in the unit "Biology and innovative therapies for patients with locally aggressive" (Bioticla) Regional Group of Study on Cancer (GRECAN), affiliated with the University of Caen Basse-Normandie. The health professional may be found at the parade this "immunity" of mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma more information
mesothelioma is a malignant tumor of mesothelial surfaces mainly affecting the pleura and less commonly the peritoneum and rarely the pericardium. Tobacco plays no role in the risk of developing mesothelioma.
The occurrence of this disease, sometimes referred to asbestos cancer, this fiber is the only recognized risk factor for cervical cancer, is not indicative of a minimum threshold of exposure and medical treatment has an impact limited to the life expectancy of patients, usually 12 to 18 months.
The first signs found on clinical examination are chest pain, often associated with breathlessness and recurrent pleural effusion, usually bleeding. The latency between first exposure and the development of mesothelioma is seldom less than 20 years, often around 30 to 40 years or more. It does not seem to exist a threshold value of exposure in relation to risk of onset.
He described cases of pleural mesothelioma occurring in the family environment close to the workers exposed to asbestos, subjects were exposed due to contamination of residential premises or during maintenance of dusty clothes.
The occurrence of this disease, sometimes referred to asbestos cancer, this fiber is the only recognized risk factor for cervical cancer, is not indicative of a minimum threshold of exposure and medical treatment has an impact limited to the life expectancy of patients, usually 12 to 18 months.
The first signs found on clinical examination are chest pain, often associated with breathlessness and recurrent pleural effusion, usually bleeding. The latency between first exposure and the development of mesothelioma is seldom less than 20 years, often around 30 to 40 years or more. It does not seem to exist a threshold value of exposure in relation to risk of onset.
He described cases of pleural mesothelioma occurring in the family environment close to the workers exposed to asbestos, subjects were exposed due to contamination of residential premises or during maintenance of dusty clothes.
Sign of mesothelioma
The main sign of mesothelioma is the effusion of fluid in the pleura, which causes pain and discomfort in breathing, this is called a pleural effusion or "pleurisy".
This symptom may nevertheless be found in other diseases such as lung infections. Knowing that the effects of asbestos may not manifest itself until several years later, the most important thing is to make a review when the lung is thought to have been exposed to asbestos, even long ago and for a short period
If you have or develop symptoms, consult your doctor
This symptom may nevertheless be found in other diseases such as lung infections. Knowing that the effects of asbestos may not manifest itself until several years later, the most important thing is to make a review when the lung is thought to have been exposed to asbestos, even long ago and for a short period
If you have or develop symptoms, consult your doctor
Pleural cancer (mesothelioma)
The pleura is a double flexible casing surrounding the lungs with a sheet on the side of the lungs, and a sheet on the side of the chest. During inspiration, the thoracic cavity enlarges. Thanks to the pleura, which acts as an interface, the lung also s'expand.
The pleura may be cancerous. In 50 to 70% of cases the cause is exposure to asbestos, often occupational (insulation, textiles, construction, filters). Tobacco is not an issue. Asbestos is a product completely natural. It is a silicate of iron, magnesium and calcium (a mineral so) that forms the flexible fibers, rot and fire resistant. It is found in large quantities, especially since Canada is the world's largest producer.
The most common uses are thermal insulation and soundproofing for fibers "amphibole" and the manufacture of cement for fiber "chrysotile." Inhaled, amphibole fibers strongly promote cancer of the pleura. However, this risk is disputed by producer countries for chrysotile fiber cement. On this point, the opinion of European experts is in favor of a probable risk (difficult to quantify because the incidence of mesothelioma is comparatively unimportant).
For the record, exposure to asbestos fibers can cause three types of diseases: pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis), leading to progressive respiratory failure, lung cancer (but we know that smoking is a risk factor even larger than l 'asbestos) and cancer of the pleura or "mesothelioma.
Exposure to asbestos can sometimes be very brief and very old (up to 40 years). The number of cases of cancer of the pleura increases by 25% every three years!
The pleura may be cancerous. In 50 to 70% of cases the cause is exposure to asbestos, often occupational (insulation, textiles, construction, filters). Tobacco is not an issue. Asbestos is a product completely natural. It is a silicate of iron, magnesium and calcium (a mineral so) that forms the flexible fibers, rot and fire resistant. It is found in large quantities, especially since Canada is the world's largest producer.
The most common uses are thermal insulation and soundproofing for fibers "amphibole" and the manufacture of cement for fiber "chrysotile." Inhaled, amphibole fibers strongly promote cancer of the pleura. However, this risk is disputed by producer countries for chrysotile fiber cement. On this point, the opinion of European experts is in favor of a probable risk (difficult to quantify because the incidence of mesothelioma is comparatively unimportant).
For the record, exposure to asbestos fibers can cause three types of diseases: pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis), leading to progressive respiratory failure, lung cancer (but we know that smoking is a risk factor even larger than l 'asbestos) and cancer of the pleura or "mesothelioma.
Exposure to asbestos can sometimes be very brief and very old (up to 40 years). The number of cases of cancer of the pleura increases by 25% every three years!
Mesithelioma : To help you
To help you
Living with mesothelioma is not always an easy thing ...
THE CONTEXT
You and entourage have many problems and challenges. Your life will be made easier if you are properly informed. Doctors and other members of the medical team can direct you to agencies for assistance so you can find a moral, social and possibly financial.
Living with mesothelioma is not always an easy thing ...
THE CONTEXT
You and entourage have many problems and challenges. Your life will be made easier if you are properly informed. Doctors and other members of the medical team can direct you to agencies for assistance so you can find a moral, social and possibly financial.
Mesothelioma The future
A new marker
THE CONTEXT
For a long time, methods of early detection in case of exposure to asbestos, are sought because of the high risk of cancer after such exposure.
Osteopontin
A clinical study showed that the presence of serum levels of osteopontin, a glycoprotein involved in cell-matrix interactions, is an effective screening tool for pleural mesothelioma. In an essay published recently, the sensitivity of the method was confirmed. High levels of osteopontin were found in mesothelioma cases, whatever their histological type and including the forms at an early stage.
PRACTICE ...
Measurement of serum levels of osteopontin in patients with a history of exposure to asbestos could become a sensitive and specific tool for early detection of disease.
THE CONTEXT
For a long time, methods of early detection in case of exposure to asbestos, are sought because of the high risk of cancer after such exposure.
Osteopontin
A clinical study showed that the presence of serum levels of osteopontin, a glycoprotein involved in cell-matrix interactions, is an effective screening tool for pleural mesothelioma. In an essay published recently, the sensitivity of the method was confirmed. High levels of osteopontin were found in mesothelioma cases, whatever their histological type and including the forms at an early stage.
PRACTICE ...
Measurement of serum levels of osteopontin in patients with a history of exposure to asbestos could become a sensitive and specific tool for early detection of disease.
Mesothelioma Treatments
Surgery
The treatment options of mesothelioma are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. As with other forms of cancer, staging is important to clarify the therapeutic strategy.
THE CONTEXT
It's a little cancer or not surgery because it is a tumor that involves the whole pleura. The incision is then a large thoracotomy (open chest) posterolateral spending most often by the 6th intercostal space with extension possibility for total or partial resection of a rib.
TECHNIQUES
The pneumectomie-decortication
Only some cases may benefit from surgery by an experienced team of thoracic surgeons. Outside case is rarely an option Standard ..
The extended pleurectomy-decortication
It includes a pneumonectomy, a pleurectomy, pericardiectomy and resection of a hemidiaphragm. It may be supplemented by a photodynamic therapy to destroy any malignant cells persist.
It is an option for mesothelioma stage I, II and III, but N <2>
The treatment options of mesothelioma are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. As with other forms of cancer, staging is important to clarify the therapeutic strategy.
THE CONTEXT
It's a little cancer or not surgery because it is a tumor that involves the whole pleura. The incision is then a large thoracotomy (open chest) posterolateral spending most often by the 6th intercostal space with extension possibility for total or partial resection of a rib.
TECHNIQUES
The pneumectomie-decortication
Only some cases may benefit from surgery by an experienced team of thoracic surgeons. Outside case is rarely an option Standard ..
The extended pleurectomy-decortication
It includes a pneumonectomy, a pleurectomy, pericardiectomy and resection of a hemidiaphragm. It may be supplemented by a photodynamic therapy to destroy any malignant cells persist.
It is an option for mesothelioma stage I, II and III, but N <2>
Mesothelioma Who is at risk of developing the disease
ASBESTOS
The subjects with occupational exposure to asbestos which can be direct or proximity, as, for example, insulation materials, textiles, filters, building, etc..
Note that the exposure may be very brief, if the exposure has been heavy since the effect is dose dependent said.
Latency exposure before the onset of mesothelioma is very long up to 30 to 40 years.
Cases of mesothelioma in the family environment are described. In this case, work clothes, exposed to asbestos fibers are implicated.
Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer mesothelioma but not in the exposed to asbestos.
ASBESTOS
AN EXHIBITION IN 80% OF CASES
Exposure to asbestos is found in 80% of cases. It may be, professional or domestic environment.
For 20% of the remaining cases, other occupational exposures are discussed, particularly in the automotive repair and for Turkey, exposure to erionite. It is a mineral discovered in 1898 that belongs to the chemical class and forming tectosilicate group zeolites.
An infection by a Papova virus, simian virus 40 ( SV40 ) As cofactor, is also disputed.
The subjects with occupational exposure to asbestos which can be direct or proximity, as, for example, insulation materials, textiles, filters, building, etc..
Note that the exposure may be very brief, if the exposure has been heavy since the effect is dose dependent said.
Latency exposure before the onset of mesothelioma is very long up to 30 to 40 years.
Cases of mesothelioma in the family environment are described. In this case, work clothes, exposed to asbestos fibers are implicated.
Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer mesothelioma but not in the exposed to asbestos.
ASBESTOS
AN EXHIBITION IN 80% OF CASES
Exposure to asbestos is found in 80% of cases. It may be, professional or domestic environment.
For 20% of the remaining cases, other occupational exposures are discussed, particularly in the automotive repair and for Turkey, exposure to erionite. It is a mineral discovered in 1898 that belongs to the chemical class and forming tectosilicate group zeolites.
An infection by a Papova virus, simian virus 40 ( SV40 ) As cofactor, is also disputed.
Mesothelioma The disease
Mesotheliomas are cancers that develop from the membranes, called, serous membranes that surround the deep organs.
They can thus develop from:
the membrane surrounding the lungs, pleural mesothelioma
Pericardium, the membrane surrounding the heart Peritoneum, the membrane surrounding the intestines The vaginal membrane surrounding the testicle The epithelium surrounding the ovary.
However over 80% of mesothelioma affect the pleura is a serous (sac) that surrounds the lung, constituting the most common cancer of that organ.
They can thus develop from:
the membrane surrounding the lungs, pleural mesothelioma
Pericardium, the membrane surrounding the heart Peritoneum, the membrane surrounding the intestines The vaginal membrane surrounding the testicle The epithelium surrounding the ovary.
However over 80% of mesothelioma affect the pleura is a serous (sac) that surrounds the lung, constituting the most common cancer of that organ.
Mesothelioma The "epidemic" Turkish
One of the more important studies on mesothelioma family is that reported by Roushdy-Hammady et al. in 2001 . These authors have studied for 2 years the inhabitants of two villages in Cappadocia in Turkey (Karain and tuzkoy) where nearly half of the villagers die of mesothelioma. This effect could be explained only partially by exposure to a carcinogenic mineral fiber of volcanic origin (erionite). Roushdy-Hammady et al. then began a genetic factor that could explain the importance of the effect observed in some homes (houses of death). By studying the pedigree of 526 individuals over 6 generations, they have found a predisposing factor to be autosomal dominant in these populations. According to their findings, over 50% of subjects with a parent diagnosed with mesothelioma in developed also.
This study was completed shortly after the study by Dogan et al. which found that the mutagenic mineral found in Turkey (erionite) was also found in California and Europe without being associated with such incidence of mesothelioma. However, analysis of erionite fragments derived from different continents by X-ray showed that the structure of this mineral was identical irrespective of geographic origin. Furthermore, analysis of 24 families from three villages (Karain, tuzkoy Sarihidir and old) revealed that the union of a story from a family marked by a high incidence of mesothelioma with no family history of disease leading to offspring with mesothelioma. In contrast, families at high risk of mesothelioma do not live in the villages concerned, and therefore not exposed to erionite, did not develop the disease
This study was completed shortly after the study by Dogan et al. which found that the mutagenic mineral found in Turkey (erionite) was also found in California and Europe without being associated with such incidence of mesothelioma. However, analysis of erionite fragments derived from different continents by X-ray showed that the structure of this mineral was identical irrespective of geographic origin. Furthermore, analysis of 24 families from three villages (Karain, tuzkoy Sarihidir and old) revealed that the union of a story from a family marked by a high incidence of mesothelioma with no family history of disease leading to offspring with mesothelioma. In contrast, families at high risk of mesothelioma do not live in the villages concerned, and therefore not exposed to erionite, did not develop the disease
Mesothelioma and enzyme polymorphisms
Another approach to the problem was based on finding an enzyme polymorphisms may explain individual susceptibility. Are numerous publications on the subject and may tend to contradict themselves.
Thus, Hirvonen et al. reported the results of a study finding an increased risk of mesothelioma in 145 subjects exposed to asbestos and having an enzymatic activity glutathione S-transferase μ (GSTμ) null (OR = 2.3, 95% = [ 1,1-4,7]), and higher still if no enzyme activity was associated with an activity N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) slow acetylators (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = [1-14,3 ]).
A subsequent study confirmed the increased risk of mesothelioma in 80 patients with low exposure to asbestos and having an enzymatic activity GSTμ zero but contrary to the findings of the previous study, the risk was further increased if activity GSTμ zero s' associated with an activity N-acetyl transferase 2 rapid acetylators (OR = 2.14, CI 95% = [1,15-3,98]). An active low microsomal epoxide hydrolase was associated with an increased risk of mesothelioma (OR = 2.51, CI 95% = [1,11-5,68]) .
Stucker et al. [38] have not found an association between the diseases related to asbestos and isoforms GSTμ or t in 107 patients with asbestosis exposure.
It is therefore currently not possible to conclude an individual enzyme profile associated with an increased risk of mesothelioma.
Thus, Hirvonen et al. reported the results of a study finding an increased risk of mesothelioma in 145 subjects exposed to asbestos and having an enzymatic activity glutathione S-transferase μ (GSTμ) null (OR = 2.3, 95% = [ 1,1-4,7]), and higher still if no enzyme activity was associated with an activity N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) slow acetylators (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = [1-14,3 ]).
A subsequent study confirmed the increased risk of mesothelioma in 80 patients with low exposure to asbestos and having an enzymatic activity GSTμ zero but contrary to the findings of the previous study, the risk was further increased if activity GSTμ zero s' associated with an activity N-acetyl transferase 2 rapid acetylators (OR = 2.14, CI 95% = [1,15-3,98]). An active low microsomal epoxide hydrolase was associated with an increased risk of mesothelioma (OR = 2.51, CI 95% = [1,11-5,68]) .
Stucker et al. [38] have not found an association between the diseases related to asbestos and isoforms GSTμ or t in 107 patients with asbestosis exposure.
It is therefore currently not possible to conclude an individual enzyme profile associated with an increased risk of mesothelioma.
Descriptions of familial cases of mesothelioma
Since Li et al. discussed a possible genetic contribution to mesothelioma in 1978 , more than 500 cases of mesothelioma family have been described in the literature but no studies have identified clear genetic factor. Among the most important descriptions, Bianchi et al. reported in the city of Trieste Montfalcone, 40 cases of mesothelioma family (seen in 19 families) of 610 mesotheliomas tested and developed, mostly in the context of domestic or occupational exposure to asbestos ( shipbuilding) . Dawson et al. reported 17 cases of mesothelioma family from 8 families whose members have been exposed to asbestos. Similarly, Risberg et al. described 5 relatives of first degree mesothelioma (father, 3 brothers and 1 sister), for the most exposed to asbestos (4 / 5). Finally, Picklesimer has recently reported the case of a man and his sister who developed both a concept without mesothelioma asbestosis exposure .
Only Bianchi et al. evaluated the proportion of familial cases among all mesotheliomas diagnosed: 40 of 610 familial cases analyzed mesothelioma, an observed proportion of familial mesothelioma of 6.5%.
Only Bianchi et al. evaluated the proportion of familial cases among all mesotheliomas diagnosed: 40 of 610 familial cases analyzed mesothelioma, an observed proportion of familial mesothelioma of 6.5%.
Wednesday, March 3, 2010
Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Peritoneal mesothelioma is a primary malignant tumor characterized by diffuse invasion of peritoneal surfaces (the peritoneum has two layers, one outside the visceral lining of organs, the other wall lining the inner walls of the abdomen.)
The incidence of peritoneal mesothelioma has universally increased since 1970. In industrialized countries, its incidence is now estimated 0.5 to 3 cases per million inhabitants in men and 0.2 to 2 cases per million in women . Peritoneal mesothelioma represents 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of all clinical forms of mesothelioma
The discovery is often linked to increased abdominal girth secondary to production of ascites or a tumor formation as well as non-specific abdominal pain. In 10% of cases reported is the formation of a symptomatic hernia. This method of finding the most common cancer in men. In women, the chance discovery during a laparoscopy is the most common.
The scanner thoraco-abdominal and pelvic examination is now morphological reference for diagnosis, staging and monitoring of peritoneal mesothelioma. It does however detect lesions greater than 5 mm and it underestimates the extension of intraperitoneal disease
The incidence of peritoneal mesothelioma has universally increased since 1970. In industrialized countries, its incidence is now estimated 0.5 to 3 cases per million inhabitants in men and 0.2 to 2 cases per million in women . Peritoneal mesothelioma represents 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of all clinical forms of mesothelioma
The discovery is often linked to increased abdominal girth secondary to production of ascites or a tumor formation as well as non-specific abdominal pain. In 10% of cases reported is the formation of a symptomatic hernia. This method of finding the most common cancer in men. In women, the chance discovery during a laparoscopy is the most common.
The scanner thoraco-abdominal and pelvic examination is now morphological reference for diagnosis, staging and monitoring of peritoneal mesothelioma. It does however detect lesions greater than 5 mm and it underestimates the extension of intraperitoneal disease
Mesothelioma search and history
An article published by Wagner et al in 1960 established for the first time that mesothelioma is a disease resulting from exposure to asbestos in the form of crocidolite. Article list more than 30 cases of patients who experienced mesothelioma in South Africa including temporary exhibitions and cases involving minors.
In 1962 Dr McNulty reported the first case of malignant mesothelioma diagnosed the Australiechez a worker exposed to asbestos. The worker had worked in the mill at the asbestos mine Wittenoom from 1948 to 1950.
In the town of Wittenoom, waste packaging of asbestos from the mine have been recycled for coating schoolyards and playgrounds
In 1965 it was established in an article published in the British journal of occupational medicine that people who had lived in the neighborhood of factories and mining of asbestos, but without work, had contracted mesothelioma.
Despite evidence that the dust associated with operation of the mine and milling asbestos fibers was indeed the cause of diseases related to asbestos mining began at Wittenoom in 1943 continued until 1966.
It is difficult to understand why it has allowed the mine and mill first opened and continue to operate without appropriate measures to control risk, and why nothing was done to coerce the owner (CSR) to comply with standards, to adopt methods of work safer or terminate operations.
In 1974 the first public warnings about the dangers of blue asbestos were published in the Bulletin magazine in Australia as a bound book whose cover was called "the killer is there in your house?"
In 1978 the GovernmentWestern Australia decided to raze the town of Wittenoom, following the publication of a booklet of the health service, "the health risk at Wittenoom", containing the results of atmospheric sampling and evaluation of medical data available worldwide.
In 1979 the first complaints of neglect Wittenoom have been launched against CSR and its subsidiary ABA, and society of asbestos disease has been formed to represent the Wittenoom victims.
In 1962 Dr McNulty reported the first case of malignant mesothelioma diagnosed the Australiechez a worker exposed to asbestos. The worker had worked in the mill at the asbestos mine Wittenoom from 1948 to 1950.
In the town of Wittenoom, waste packaging of asbestos from the mine have been recycled for coating schoolyards and playgrounds
In 1965 it was established in an article published in the British journal of occupational medicine that people who had lived in the neighborhood of factories and mining of asbestos, but without work, had contracted mesothelioma.
Despite evidence that the dust associated with operation of the mine and milling asbestos fibers was indeed the cause of diseases related to asbestos mining began at Wittenoom in 1943 continued until 1966.
It is difficult to understand why it has allowed the mine and mill first opened and continue to operate without appropriate measures to control risk, and why nothing was done to coerce the owner (CSR) to comply with standards, to adopt methods of work safer or terminate operations.
In 1974 the first public warnings about the dangers of blue asbestos were published in the Bulletin magazine in Australia as a bound book whose cover was called "the killer is there in your house?"
In 1978 the GovernmentWestern Australia decided to raze the town of Wittenoom, following the publication of a booklet of the health service, "the health risk at Wittenoom", containing the results of atmospheric sampling and evaluation of medical data available worldwide.
In 1979 the first complaints of neglect Wittenoom have been launched against CSR and its subsidiary ABA, and society of asbestos disease has been formed to represent the Wittenoom victims.
Mesothelioma Immunotherapy
Therapeutic protocols involving treatment with immunotherapy have yielded variable results. For example, intrapleural inoculation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in an attempt to boost the immune response, proved to provide no benefit to the patient (while it may improve the condition of patients bladder cancer). It has been proved in vitro that mesothelioma cells were destroyed by lymphocyte cells after activation by theinterleukin-2 (IL-2), but patients undergoing this particular therapy have experienced any major side effects. Indeed, this trial was discontinued because of unacceptable ing high levels of toxicity of IL-2 and severity of side effects such as fever and cachexia. However, other trials using interferon alpha have proved encouraging with 20% of patients with a reduction greater than 50% of the tumor mass combined with minimal side effects.
Mesothelioma Chemotherapy
In February 2004, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of Pemetrexed for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. The use of this drug is approved in Europe since 2005. The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy (gemcitabine + cisplatin) proved to be disappointing. A European trial (IFCT-0701 MAPS) is ongoing to assess the interest of bevacizumb in combination with standard chemotherapy (pemetrexed + cisplatin). Other protocols have been tested with moderate efficacy, survival compared to more conventional treatment does not exceed a few months
Mesothelioma Treatment
The mesothelioma treatment by conventional therapies has not proved effective and patients have a life median survival of 6 to 12 months after diagnosis.
The degree of malignancy of the tumor depends on several factors including the total mesothelial surface of the pleural cavity which promotes the importance of local metastasis via exfoliated cells, and invasion of underlying tissues and other organs in the pleural cavity. Another factor involved is the period of extremely long latency between asbestos exposure and disease development.
The degree of malignancy of the tumor depends on several factors including the total mesothelial surface of the pleural cavity which promotes the importance of local metastasis via exfoliated cells, and invasion of underlying tissues and other organs in the pleural cavity. Another factor involved is the period of extremely long latency between asbestos exposure and disease development.
Mesothelioma Exposure to asbestos
Professional sectors have led to exposures to asbestos related extraction units, and industries using asbestos because of its properties.
extraction units (mines and mills to prepare fiber size code)
manufacture of materials based on asbestos: asbestos cement manufacturing, textile asbestos friction materials (brakes, clutches),
insulation (in the building, in the manufacture of industrial furnaces in the manufacture of refrigeration and heating equipment in shipyards) and insulation (with the spraying of products containing asbestos is banned in USA since 1997)
Use of asbestos for protection against heat (gloves, gowns, cords, covers ...) in various industries: shipbuilding, Steel, Foundry, Manufacturing glassIndustrial Building ...
Since the ban of import manufacture and marketing of materials containing asbestos in USA is the intervention of the existing materials containing asbestos is the major concern, especially amongst all building professionals (work asbestos removal).
extraction units (mines and mills to prepare fiber size code)
manufacture of materials based on asbestos: asbestos cement manufacturing, textile asbestos friction materials (brakes, clutches),
insulation (in the building, in the manufacture of industrial furnaces in the manufacture of refrigeration and heating equipment in shipyards) and insulation (with the spraying of products containing asbestos is banned in USA since 1997)
Use of asbestos for protection against heat (gloves, gowns, cords, covers ...) in various industries: shipbuilding, Steel, Foundry, Manufacturing glassIndustrial Building ...
Since the ban of import manufacture and marketing of materials containing asbestos in USA is the intervention of the existing materials containing asbestos is the major concern, especially amongst all building professionals (work asbestos removal).
Mesothelioma Risk Factors
Occupational exposure to theAsbestos is the primary risk factor for mesothelioma. A history of asbestos exposure exists in almost all cases listed. However, mesothelioma has been reported in a few cases of individuals without known exposure to asbestos.
Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally in the form of a cluster of hard, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin son and be woven. Asbestos was widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring, textiles, and insulation products. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed and cause serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancerCauses asbestosis pulmonary fibrosis (chronic non-cancer) and other cancers, such as tumors of the larynx and kidney. For a person with the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases the risk of developing cancer of the upper airway or bronchial carcinoma. The Kent brand has used asbestos in its filters for cigarettes during some of his early years of production in the 1950s and some cases of mesothelioma have resulted. Apart from this particular case, smoking did not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma. Some studies suggest that the virus simian 40 (SV40) Could act as cofactor in the development of mesothelioma
Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally in the form of a cluster of hard, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin son and be woven. Asbestos was widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring, textiles, and insulation products. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed and cause serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancerCauses asbestosis pulmonary fibrosis (chronic non-cancer) and other cancers, such as tumors of the larynx and kidney. For a person with the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases the risk of developing cancer of the upper airway or bronchial carcinoma. The Kent brand has used asbestos in its filters for cigarettes during some of his early years of production in the 1950s and some cases of mesothelioma have resulted. Apart from this particular case, smoking did not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma. Some studies suggest that the virus simian 40 (SV40) Could act as cofactor in the development of mesothelioma
Mesothelioma Epidemiology
Although reported incidence rates have increased in the last 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer. The incidence is approximately one case per one million inhabitants. By comparison, populations with high levels of smoking can achieve the effect of over a thousand lung cancer per million inhabitants.
The incidence of malignant mesothelioma, currently at a level of about 7 to 40 cases per 1 000 000 inhabitants in Western industrialized nations, according to the importance of population exposure to asbestos during the past decades. It was estimated that the incidence in the United States could achieve a 15 per 1 000 000 inhabitants in 2004. It is expected that the incidence continues to grow in other parts of the world. Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age. Approximately one fifth to one third of all mesotheliomas are peritoneal tumors.
It may be noted that an epidemic of mesothelioma was discovered in three Turkish villages (Karain, and tuzkoy Sarehidir) located in Cappadocia. it is now responsible for 50% of deaths there .
The incidence of malignant mesothelioma, currently at a level of about 7 to 40 cases per 1 000 000 inhabitants in Western industrialized nations, according to the importance of population exposure to asbestos during the past decades. It was estimated that the incidence in the United States could achieve a 15 per 1 000 000 inhabitants in 2004. It is expected that the incidence continues to grow in other parts of the world. Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age. Approximately one fifth to one third of all mesotheliomas are peritoneal tumors.
It may be noted that an epidemic of mesothelioma was discovered in three Turkish villages (Karain, and tuzkoy Sarehidir) located in Cappadocia. it is now responsible for 50% of deaths there .
Mesothelioma Pathophysiology
The mesothelium consists of a single thin layer of cells forming a cubic epithelium lining the serous cavities of the body including the peritoneumThe pericardium and pleura to form a virtual cavity. The deposition of mineral fibers in the lung may result in their penetration into the visceral pleura from where the fiber can then win the pleural surface, and thus lead to the development of malignant mesothelial plaques. The process leading to the development of peritoneal mesothelioma is not yet known. It was suggested that asbestos fibers from the lung are transported to the abdomen and associated organs via the lymphatic system. In addition, the mineral fibers can be deposited in the intestine after ingestion of sputum contaminated.
It was shown that contamination of the pleura by asbestos or other mineral fibers cause cancer. The long, thin asbestos fibers (blue asbestos, amphibole) Carcinogens are more effective than "feathery fibers" of Chrysotile (or white asbestos). In rats the development of mesothelioma was caused by intra-pleural inoculation of phosphorylated chrysotile fibers. It was suggested that in humans, transport of fibers to the pleura is critical stage in the pathogenesis of mesothelioma. This hypothesis is supported by the observed recruitment of significant numbers of macrophages and other cells immune system to localized lesions caused by asbestos fibers accumulated in the pleural and peritoneal cavities of rats. These lesions continued to attract macrophages in large numbers while the disease progresses, and cellular changes within the lesion resulting in a tumor whose morphology has all the characteristics of malignancy.
The experimental evidence suggests that asbestos acts as a complete carcinogen in the development of mesothelioma occurring in sequential stages of initiation and promotion. The molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation of normal mesothelial cells in the presence of asbestos fibers remain unclear despite the demonstration of the oncogenic potential of the substance. However, processing in vitro cells of normal human mesothelial cells to malignant phenotype following exposure to asbestos fibers has not yet been achieved. Generally it is believed that asbestos fibers exert their carcinogenic effect through of direct physical interactions with cells of the mesothelium in conjunction with indirect effects interacting with inflammatory cells such as macrophages. Studies involving intrapleural or intraperitoneal inoculation of different types of asbestos fiber in rats and mice have shown that the long, thin fibers are responsible for a higher incidence of mesothelioma than short fibers and cells phagocytose and store the longest fibers more efficiently than short fibers. Similarly, incubation of Syrian hamster cells with fiberglass with the average length of 9.5μm was caused cellular changes with a speed identical to that of crocidolite. The reduction in the length of these fibers to obtain an approximate size of 2.2 μm reduced the processing capacity of a cellular factor of 10 to 20 were a further reduction to less than 1μm completely suppressed the processing capacity cellular particles of fiberglass.
It was shown that contamination of the pleura by asbestos or other mineral fibers cause cancer. The long, thin asbestos fibers (blue asbestos, amphibole) Carcinogens are more effective than "feathery fibers" of Chrysotile (or white asbestos). In rats the development of mesothelioma was caused by intra-pleural inoculation of phosphorylated chrysotile fibers. It was suggested that in humans, transport of fibers to the pleura is critical stage in the pathogenesis of mesothelioma. This hypothesis is supported by the observed recruitment of significant numbers of macrophages and other cells immune system to localized lesions caused by asbestos fibers accumulated in the pleural and peritoneal cavities of rats. These lesions continued to attract macrophages in large numbers while the disease progresses, and cellular changes within the lesion resulting in a tumor whose morphology has all the characteristics of malignancy.
The experimental evidence suggests that asbestos acts as a complete carcinogen in the development of mesothelioma occurring in sequential stages of initiation and promotion. The molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation of normal mesothelial cells in the presence of asbestos fibers remain unclear despite the demonstration of the oncogenic potential of the substance. However, processing in vitro cells of normal human mesothelial cells to malignant phenotype following exposure to asbestos fibers has not yet been achieved. Generally it is believed that asbestos fibers exert their carcinogenic effect through of direct physical interactions with cells of the mesothelium in conjunction with indirect effects interacting with inflammatory cells such as macrophages. Studies involving intrapleural or intraperitoneal inoculation of different types of asbestos fiber in rats and mice have shown that the long, thin fibers are responsible for a higher incidence of mesothelioma than short fibers and cells phagocytose and store the longest fibers more efficiently than short fibers. Similarly, incubation of Syrian hamster cells with fiberglass with the average length of 9.5μm was caused cellular changes with a speed identical to that of crocidolite. The reduction in the length of these fibers to obtain an approximate size of 2.2 μm reduced the processing capacity of a cellular factor of 10 to 20 were a further reduction to less than 1μm completely suppressed the processing capacity cellular particles of fiberglass.
mesothelioma Signs and symptoms
Testing guidelines
There is no universally accepted protocol for screening people who have been exposed to asbestos. However, some research indicates that the level ofosteopontin in serum be useful in screening for mesothelioma among people exposed. The level of soluble protein bound to mesothelin is elevated in serum in approximately 75% of patients whose diagnosis was confirmed and it was suggested that could be useful for screening.
Assessment and Evaluation
Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor will need to assess the pathological grade of the tumor to establish a therapeutic strategy. Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the surface of the pleural membrane where it began. It is classified as advanced if there is an extension beyond the original surface of the pleura to other parts of the body such as lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.
There is no universally accepted protocol for screening people who have been exposed to asbestos. However, some research indicates that the level ofosteopontin in serum be useful in screening for mesothelioma among people exposed. The level of soluble protein bound to mesothelin is elevated in serum in approximately 75% of patients whose diagnosis was confirmed and it was suggested that could be useful for screening.
Assessment and Evaluation
Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor will need to assess the pathological grade of the tumor to establish a therapeutic strategy. Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the surface of the pleural membrane where it began. It is classified as advanced if there is an extension beyond the original surface of the pleura to other parts of the body such as lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.
Mesothelioma Lung Definition
The occurrence of this disease, sometimes called Cancer of theAsbestos. This fiber is the main risk factor known for this type of cancer is not indicative of a minimum threshold of exposure and medical treatment has a limited impact on the life expectancy of patients, generally 12 to 18 months.
The first signs found on clinical examination are chest pain, often associated with breathlessness and recurrent pleural effusion, usually bleeding. The latency between first exposure and the development of mesothelioma is seldom less than 20 years, often around 30 to 40 years or more. It does not seem to exist a threshold value of exposure in relation to risk of onset.
He described cases of pleural mesothelioma occurring in the family environment close to the workers exposed to asbestos, subjects were exposed due to contamination of residential premises or during maintenance of dusty clothes.
The Tobacco does not appear to increase the risk of developing mesothelioma.
The first signs found on clinical examination are chest pain, often associated with breathlessness and recurrent pleural effusion, usually bleeding. The latency between first exposure and the development of mesothelioma is seldom less than 20 years, often around 30 to 40 years or more. It does not seem to exist a threshold value of exposure in relation to risk of onset.
He described cases of pleural mesothelioma occurring in the family environment close to the workers exposed to asbestos, subjects were exposed due to contamination of residential premises or during maintenance of dusty clothes.
The Tobacco does not appear to increase the risk of developing mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma information
The mesothelioma is a rare and virulent Cancer surfaces affects the mesothelial lining lungs (the pleura), The abdominal cavity (the peritoneum) Or envelope heart (the pericardium). Mesothelioma Lung is caused by exposure to mineral fibers.
Current studies do not confirm the relationship between exposure to theasbestosis and the development of peritoneal mesothelioma although recent data appear to establish, especially in men.
Some have been exposed to their work, others secondarily by family members who, unwittingly, have reduced fiber to the home of their work in their clothes or their hair or their skin.
Current studies do not confirm the relationship between exposure to theasbestosis and the development of peritoneal mesothelioma although recent data appear to establish, especially in men.
Some have been exposed to their work, others secondarily by family members who, unwittingly, have reduced fiber to the home of their work in their clothes or their hair or their skin.
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